Translation and Meaning of: 敬語 - keigo

If you have already studied Japanese or had with Japanese culture, you have probably heard of the word 敬語 [けいご]. It represents one of the most fascinating and challenging aspects of the language: the honorific language system. In this article, we will explore the meaning, cultural usage, and importance of this word in everyday Japanese life. You will understand how 敬語 shapes social interactions and why it is essential for those who wish to master the language.

In addition to explaining what 敬語 is, we will discuss its origin, how it is perceived by the Japanese, and practical tips for memorizing it. If you have ever wondered why the Japanese use so many levels of formality, this text will clarify your doubts. Follow along and discover how this word reflects deep values of Japanese society.

What does 敬語 mean and what is its importance?

敬語 [けいご] can be translated as "honorific language" or "respectful language." It encomes a set of linguistic rules used to demonstrate courtesy, hierarchy, and consideration for the interlocutor. In Japan, the correct use of 敬語 is essential in formal situations, such as in the workplace, at ceremonies, or when speaking with older people or those of higher status.

What many students do not know is that 敬語 is not limited to specific words only, but also includes changes in the grammatical structure of sentences. For example, verbs can be conjugated in a more polite way, and pronouns are often omitted to avoid sounding too direct. Mastering this system is a significant step towards communicating naturally and respectfully in Japanese.

The origin and types of 敬語

Keigo has deep historical roots, dating back to the Heian period (794-1185), when the Japanese imperial court established refined linguistic standards. Over time, these rules became an essential part of everyday communication, especially in hierarchical contexts. Today, it is divided into three main categories: 尊敬語 (sonkeigo), 謙譲語 (kenjōgo), and 丁寧語 (teineigo).

尊敬語 is used to elevate the status of the interlocutor, while 謙譲語 serves to humbly lower oneself in relation to them. 丁寧語 is the standard form of politeness, present in expressions like "です" and "ます". Understanding these differences is crucial to avoid social blunders, as incorrect usage can sound rude or even arrogant.

How is 敬語 viewed in Japanese culture?

For the Japanese, 敬語 is not just a formality, but an expression of respect and social harmony. Its proper use demonstrates politeness and consideration for others, values that are highly esteemed in Japan. Many young people spend years perfecting their skill with 敬語, especially when entering the job market, where formal communication is essential.

Interestingly, even the Japanese make mistakes when using 敬語, especially in complex situations. That's why there are books and courses dedicated exclusively to its teaching. If you are learning Japanese, don't feel discouraged: the important thing is to practice and observe how natives use it in their daily lives.

Vocabulary

Expand your vocabulary with related words:

Synonyms and similar words

• 敬称 (Keishou) - Honorific title used to refer to someone in a respectful way.
• 丁寧語 (Teineigo) - Polite language used to speak respectfully, which may include the use of honorifics.
• 尊敬語 (Sonkeigo) - A form of respectful language that elevates the status of the listener or subject of the action.